辛夷的长期低产已成为其产业化发展的重要限制因子。以产量为中心,对 7个辛夷品种15个性状的遗传参数作了测定,并分析了产量选择指标,建立了产量选择指数。结果表明:(1)产量的重复力为 0.69,遗传变异 42.9%,直接选择遗传增益 60.3%;百蕾质量与单枝蕾数的重复力分别为 0.73和 0.65,遗传变异系数 82%和 43.7%,产量相关选择效率 96.1%和 96.2%,是产量选择的重要指标;而总蕾数的重复力仅为 0.24,遗传变异系数 16.9%,产量相关选择效率仅 1%,不能作为产量选择的指标。(2)叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶质量等叶片性状与产量性状间存在着显著的遗传正相关。其中,叶面积和叶宽与产量的相关重复力较高,相关选择效率分别达 99.9%、97.5%,也是产量相关选择的重要指标。(3)以单枝蕾数、百蕾质量和叶面积构成的产量选择指数,选择响应 3.859kg·株-1,遗传增益 72.1%,比直接选择增效 19.5%。(4)不同品种产量指数选择的顺序为‘腋花’、‘四季’、‘铜锤’、‘桃实’、‘望春’、‘小桃’、‘奶嘴’。

In order to explore the suitable tree composition in the cultivation management, 11-year-old Camellia oleifera trees were used as the test material, the relative light intensity and net photosynthetic rate in different canopy position of C. oleifera were studied by training and pruning. The results showed that the relative light intensity at the external middle layer of C. oleifera of open center shape, natural roundhead shape and CK were 44.33%, 28.72% and 25.81% respectively; the relative light intensity at the internal middle layer of C. oleifera of open center shape, natural roundhead shape and CK were 14.70%, 7.13% and 1.21% respectively. The peak of net photosynthetic rates in different layers and positions of open center shaped C. oleifera were higher than that of the natural roundhead shape. Compared with natural roundhead shaped C. oleifera, the peak of net photosynthetic rate of the external and internal upper layers were 2.47 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 0.43 μmol·m-2·s-1 higher, that of the external and internal middle layers were 1.10 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 0.18 μmol·m-2·s-1 higher, that of the external and internal lower layers were 0.32 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 1.44 μmol·m-2·s-1 higher respectively. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate of the both shapes were higher than that of the CK. Considering the photosynthetic efficiency, training and pruning C. oleifera to be open center shape had a better effect.

目的 从显微和超微层面探究油茶柱头和花柱的结构特征，可为探讨油茶自交不亲和性的细胞学机制提供理论依据，同时也为油茶杂交育种工作奠定基础。 方法 以开花当天的雌蕊为试验材料，利用细胞学方法研究油茶柱头和花柱的显微及超微结构特征。 结果 油茶雌蕊具完整的柱头、花柱和子房结构，湿性柱头其表面密布乳突细胞，排列紧密，细胞质浓厚，细胞器丰富，细胞间具有丰富的分泌物。基本组织细胞内含物和细胞器较少，细胞壁薄且壁外无分泌物。整个花柱由35根独立花柱组成，上端约2/3部分相互分离形成离生区，从2/3处开始到花柱基部相互连接形成合生区。每根花柱中空，由外表皮、基本组织和花柱道内表皮构成。花柱通道细胞外充满大量分泌物，该细胞比基本组织细胞大而规则、细胞质浓厚，具有腺质细胞的特点。花柱道从上到下贴合逐渐紧密，花柱基部的各花柱道之间相互连通，形成狭小的缝隙。 结论 本研究分析了油茶柱头和花柱的显微及超微结构特征，探明柱头乳突和花柱通道细胞为分泌型细胞，基本组织细胞结构单一，从柱头到子房花柱道逐渐变窄，在基部相互连通形成狭小的缝隙，花柱通道细胞从上至下壁外分泌物和细胞内细胞质浓度、细胞器数量与种类具有逐渐增加的趋势和特点。